NEET Physics Formula Sheet: All 20 Units, With Conditions
A NEET physics formula sheet is a short, unit-by-unit list of the relations you need to solve the 45 Physics questions in NEET (UG), each written with the condition under which it holds. That second part is what most sheets skip, and it is where marks go. The formulas below follow the 20 Physics units of the syllabus that the National Medical Commission finalised for NEET (UG) 2026, and every one is standard NCERT Class 11 and 12 physics.
What is a NEET physics formula sheet, and what should it contain?
A NEET physics formula sheet is your revision index for the Physics section: one line per formula, the symbols defined once, and the condition that makes it valid. It is not a textbook summary. If a line does not help you pick an option in under a minute, it does not belong on the sheet.
Three things should sit on every line. The relation itself. The SI unit of the answer, because a surprising number of wrong options differ from the right one only by a factor of 10 or 100. And the condition, written in four or five words: "constant a only", "small angle", "ideal gas", "r much greater than a".
What should not be on it? Derivations, long explanations, and anything the NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus does not name. The National Medical Commission's Under Graduate Medical Education Board finalised that syllabus in a public notice dated 22 December 2025, and NTA circulated it in January 2026. Physics runs from Unit 1 to Unit 20. Treat that numbering as the skeleton of your NEET physics formula sheet.
How much of the NEET paper do these formulas decide?
A quarter of it. The NTA Information Bulletin for NEET (UG) 2026 sets 45 Physics questions out of 180, each worth four marks, with one mark taken off for a wrong answer and nothing for a blank. Physics therefore carries 180 of the 720 marks.
| Subject | Questions | Marks | Share of the paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physics | 45 | 180 | 25 percent |
| Chemistry | 45 | 180 | 25 percent |
| Biology (Botany and Zoology) | 90 | 360 | 50 percent |
| Total | 180 | 720 | 100 percent |
Why does a formula sheet matter so much for this one section? Because Physics is where a single wrong substitution turns a four into a minus one. The breakdown of NEET Physics questions on this site covers the marking in detail. Here, the point is simpler: most Physics questions are numericals, and a numerical starts with choosing the right relation.
Mechanics formulas: units 1 to 6
Six of the 20 units sit here, so this is the longest part of any NEET physics formula sheet. Everything in the table is NCERT Class 11 content. Symbols are the standard ones: u and v for initial and final velocity, a for acceleration, g for the acceleration due to gravity, R for the radius of the Earth.
| Unit | Formula | Use it only when |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Measurement | Relative error of z = a^n b^m: dz/z = n(da/a) + m(db/b) | Errors are small; errors always add, never cancel |
| 2 Kinematics | v = u + at, s = ut + (1/2)at², v² = u² + 2as | Acceleration is constant |
| 2 Kinematics | Range R = u² sin2θ / g, height H = u² sin²θ / 2g, time T = 2u sinθ / g | Launch and landing at the same level, no air resistance |
| 2 Kinematics | Centripetal acceleration a = v²/r = ω²r | Uniform circular motion |
| 3 Laws of motion | F = dp/dt, impulse J = FΔt = Δp | Always; F = ma only for constant mass |
| 3 Laws of motion | Static friction f ≤ μsN, kinetic friction f = μkN | Static friction is a maximum, not a fixed value |
| 3 Laws of motion | Level road v max = √(μrg); banked road without friction v = √(rg tanθ) | Circular path of radius r |
| 4 Work, energy, power | W = Fd cosθ, W net = ΔK, P = Fv | Constant force for the first; any force for the second |
| 4 Work, energy, power | Spring energy U = (1/2)kx² | x measured from natural length |
| 4 Work, energy, power | Vertical circle on a string: minimum speed √(gr) at the top, √(5gr) at the bottom | String stays taut through the loop |
| 5 Rotational motion | τ = r × F, L = Iω, τ = Iα | Fixed axis for the scalar forms |
| 5 Rotational motion | Parallel axes I = Icm + Md²; perpendicular axes Iz = Ix + Iy | Perpendicular axes: flat laminas only |
| 5 Rotational motion | Ring MR², disc (1/2)MR², solid sphere (2/5)MR², rod about centre ML²/12 | Axis through the centre as named |
| 6 Gravitation | F = Gm₁m₂/r², g = GM/R² | Point masses or spheres |
| 6 Gravitation | g at height h ≈ g(1 - 2h/R); g at depth d = g(1 - d/R) | Height formula needs h much smaller than R |
| 6 Gravitation | Escape speed √(2GM/R) = √(2gR); orbital speed √(GM/r); satellite energy -GMm/2r | r measured from the centre of the Earth |
If you fix only two lines on your NEET physics formula sheet, fix these. The two lines students misuse most are the height formula for g and the equations of motion. Both give a clean number for the wrong situation. If a question has acceleration changing with time, the three equations of motion are simply not allowed, and one option is usually waiting for the student who uses them anyway.
Heat, matter and gas formulas: units 7 to 9
Units 7 to 9 are short on ideas and long on constants. The traps are signs and units, not concepts. Keep the sign convention for the first law in one place on your NEET physics formula sheet and never switch it.
| Unit | Formula | Use it only when |
|---|---|---|
| 7 Solids and liquids | Young's modulus Y = (F/A)/(ΔL/L); bulk modulus B = -ΔP/(ΔV/V) | Within the elastic limit (Hooke's law region) |
| 7 Solids and liquids | Stokes' law F = 6πηrv; terminal velocity v = 2r²(ρ - σ)g / 9η | Small sphere, slow streamline motion |
| 7 Solids and liquids | Bernoulli: P + (1/2)ρv² + ρgh = constant along a streamline | Steady, incompressible, non-viscous flow |
| 7 Solids and liquids | Excess pressure: drop 2T/r, soap bubble 4T/r; capillary rise h = 2T cosθ / rρg | A bubble has two surfaces, a drop has one |
| 7 Heat | Q = mcΔT, Q = mL, ΔL = αLΔT, conduction rate kAΔT/L | No change of state for mcΔT |
| 8 Thermodynamics | First law ΔU = Q - W | W is work done BY the system |
| 8 Thermodynamics | Isothermal work W = nRT ln(V₂/V₁); adiabatic PV^γ = constant | Ideal gas, quasi-static (reversible) process |
| 9 Kinetic theory | PV = nRT; P = (1/3)ρv rms²; v rms = √(3RT/M) | Ideal gas; M is molar mass in kg per mol |
| 9 Kinetic theory | Average kinetic energy per molecule (3/2)kT; (1/2)kT per degree of freedom | Equipartition, classical regime |
| 9 Kinetic theory | Cp - Cv = R; γ = 5/3 monatomic, 7/5 rigid diatomic | Molar heat capacities, ideal gas |
One quiet unit mistake causes more wrong answers here than any concept: putting M in grams per mole into v rms = √(3RT/M). The number comes out about 31.6 times too large, because the square root of 1,000 is about 31.6. Convert first.
Oscillations, waves and sound: unit 10
Unit 10 is a single unit in the syllabus but it carries two chapters of NCERT. It rewards a very tidy NEET physics formula sheet, because the formulas look alike and differ only by a factor of 2 or by which harmonics are allowed.
| Formula | Use it only when |
|---|---|
| x = A sin(ωt + φ), ω = 2π/T | Simple harmonic motion |
| Spring T = 2π√(m/k); simple pendulum T = 2π√(L/g) | Pendulum formula: small angles only |
| Energy in SHM E = (1/2)kA² = (1/2)mω²A² | No damping |
| Wave speed v = fλ; string v = √(T/μ) | μ is mass per unit length, T is tension |
| String fixed at both ends and pipe open at both ends: fn = nv/2L | All harmonics, n = 1, 2, 3 |
| Pipe closed at one end: f = (2n - 1)v/4L | Odd harmonics only |
| Beat frequency = f₁ - f₂ (the larger minus the smaller) | Two close frequencies |
"Odd harmonics only" for the closed pipe is worth writing in a box. It is the single most tested condition in this unit, and it is exactly the kind of thing a set of well-made NEET flashcards should also carry.
Electricity and magnetism formulas: units 11 to 15
Five units, a quarter of the Physics syllabus by count, and the part of the paper that feels most like pure formula work. It is also where the symbols collide: k, K, μ, μ₀ and m all mean different things in different lines. Define each once, at the top of this block of your NEET physics formula sheet.
| Unit | Formula | Use it only when |
|---|---|---|
| 11 Electrostatics | Coulomb F = kq₁q₂/r², k = 1/4πε₀; field of a point charge E = kq/r² | Point charges in vacuum |
| 11 Electrostatics | Dipole field: axial 2kp/r³, equatorial kp/r³; torque τ = pE sinθ | r much greater than the dipole length |
| 11 Electrostatics | Gauss: flux = q enclosed/ε₀. Line charge E = λ/2πε₀r; infinite sheet σ/2ε₀; shell kQ/r outside, zero field inside | Symmetry as named |
| 11 Electrostatics | Parallel plate C = ε₀A/d, with a dielectric KC; U = (1/2)CV² = Q²/2C | Plate separation small compared with plate size |
| 11 Electrostatics | Series 1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂; parallel C = C₁ + C₂ | Opposite of the resistor rules |
| 12 Current electricity | I = neAvd; V = IR; R = ρL/A; P = VI = I²R = V²/R | Ohmic conductor at constant temperature |
| 12 Current electricity | Terminal voltage V = E - Ir | Cell supplying current |
| 12 Current electricity | Wheatstone balance P/Q = R/S | Zero galvanometer current |
| 13 Magnetism | Centre of a circular loop B = μ₀I/2R; long straight wire μ₀I/2πr; solenoid μ₀nI | n is turns per unit length |
| 13 Magnetism | Force on a charge F = q(E + v × B); circular radius r = mv/qB | v perpendicular to B for the radius |
| 13 Magnetism | Force on a wire F = BIL sinθ; parallel wires F/L = μ₀I₁I₂/2πd; coil torque NIAB sinθ | Uniform field |
| 13 Magnetism | Galvanometer to ammeter: shunt S = IgG/(I - Ig); to voltmeter: series R = V/Ig - G | G is galvanometer resistance |
| 14 Induction and AC | Faraday e = -dΦ/dt; motional emf Blv; inductor energy (1/2)LI² | The minus sign is Lenz's law |
| 14 Induction and AC | Vrms = V₀/√2; XL = ωL; XC = 1/ωC; Z = √(R² + (XL - XC)²) | Sinusoidal AC |
| 14 Induction and AC | Resonance ω₀ = 1/√(LC); power P = Vrms Irms cosφ, cosφ = R/Z | Series LCR circuit |
| 14 Induction and AC | Transformer Vs/Vp = Ns/Np | Ideal transformer, no losses |
| 15 EM waves | c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀); E₀/B₀ = c; displacement current Id = ε₀ dΦE/dt | In vacuum |
Notice the one pair that flips. Capacitors in series add as reciprocals, resistors in series add directly. Write them side by side on the NEET physics formula sheet, not in separate chapters, and the confusion stops.
Optics and modern physics: units 16 to 19
Optics is sign conventions. Modern physics is a handful of short, very quotable relations. Between them they account for four of the 20 units, and two familiar topics are not on the 2026 list at all.
| Unit | Formula | Use it only when |
|---|---|---|
| 16 Optics | Mirror 1/v + 1/u = 1/f, f = R/2; lens 1/v - 1/u = 1/f | New Cartesian sign convention, consistently |
| 16 Optics | Lens maker 1/f = (n - 1)(1/R₁ - 1/R₂); power P = 1/f with f in metres; lenses in contact P = P₁ + P₂ | Thin lens in air |
| 16 Optics | Snell n = sin i / sin r; critical angle sin C = 1/n | Light going from denser to rarer for C |
| 16 Optics | Prism n = sin((A + δm)/2) / sin(A/2); thin prism δ = (n - 1)A | Minimum deviation for the first |
| 16 Optics | Young's double slit fringe width β = λD/d; single slit central maximum width 2λD/a | D much greater than d or a |
| 16 Optics | Brewster tan iB = n; telescope in normal adjustment m = fo/fe | Reflected light fully polarised at iB |
| 17 Dual nature | E = hν; Einstein Kmax = hν - φ₀ = eV₀; de Broglie λ = h/p = h/√(2mK) | Kmax is the maximum, not every electron |
| 18 Atoms and nuclei | Hydrogen En = -13.6/n² eV; radius rn proportional to n²; 1/λ = R(1/n₁² - 1/n₂²) | Hydrogen-like, one electron |
| 18 Atoms and nuclei | Nuclear radius R = R₀A^(1/3); E = Δmc²; 1 u is about 931.5 MeV | Mass defect in atomic mass units |
| 19 Electronic devices | Logic gates: NAND is NOT AND, NOR is NOT OR; full truth tables | OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR as named |
Now the two gaps. The 2026 text of Unit 18 names the alpha-scattering experiment, Rutherford and Bohr models, the hydrogen spectrum, nuclear size, mass defect, binding energy, fission and fusion. It does not name radioactivity, decay laws or half-life. Unit 19 names diodes, rectifiers, LEDs, photodiodes, solar cells, the Zener diode and logic gates, and no transistor. Older copies of a NEET physics formula sheet often carry both. Leave them off yours unless the NEET (UG) 2027 notice brings them back, and check the NEET 2027 deleted syllabus guide when it does.
What about Unit 20, experimental skills?
Unit 20 lists 18 experiments, and a few of them need a formula of their own. These are easy marks that many students never add to a NEET physics formula sheet, because they think of lab work as separate from theory. The syllabus does not.
| Experiment | Formula to know |
|---|---|
| Vernier calipers | Least count = 1 main scale division - 1 vernier scale division |
| Screw gauge | Least count = pitch / number of divisions on the circular scale |
| Metre bridge | R/S = l/(100 - l), with l in cm measured from the end of R |
| Galvanometer, half deflection method | G = RS/(R - S) |
| Prism, deviation against incidence | The curve has one minimum, at δm, used in the prism formula above |
| Simple pendulum | T = 2π√(L/g); the graph of T² against L is a straight line |
Zero error is the condition here. A positive zero error is subtracted from the reading, a negative one is added. Put that on your NEET physics formula sheet as one line. It is short, it is asked, and it costs nothing to remember.
How should you build your own NEET physics formula sheet?
Build it from NCERT and from your own mistakes, one unit at a time, over weeks rather than in one sitting. The NCERT Class 11 and 12 Physics textbooks are free to read online and contain every relation in the tables above. Here is the routine that works.
- Write the 20 unit headings of your NEET physics formula sheet from the NMC syllabus on separate pages or cards, in order.
- After finishing a chapter in NCERT, write only the formulas you actually used in its solved examples, each with its condition and SI unit.
- Solve 20 to 30 questions on that unit without looking at the sheet.
- For every wrong answer, find the line on the sheet that should have saved you. If there is none, add it. If there is one, add the missing condition in a different colour.
- Once a week, rewrite one unit from memory on a blank page and compare. Anything you missed goes back on the list for next week.
- In the last month, revise from the sheet and your error notes only, and pair each revision session with a timed set of questions.
Step 4 is the one that makes the sheet yours. A downloaded NEET physics formula sheet has no memory of the mistakes you made. For how to keep that error record short enough to revise, the guide on NEET notes that you will actually revise covers the method, and the NEET 2027 Physics preparation strategy puts the sheet into a full study plan.
Why doesn't memorising the sheet raise your score on its own?
Because NEET does not ask you to recite a formula. It asks you to pick the right one inside a situation. A 2025 state-of-the-art review of retrieval practice in the health professions, published in Behavioral Sciences, put it plainly: using retrieval practice "solely for low-level recall of facts may not lead to large performance gains on applied exams".
That is the honest limit of any NEET physics formula sheet. Reading it every night helps you recall the relation. Only solving questions teaches you when the relation applies. The practical ratio most students end up with is a few minutes on the sheet, then a long block of problems on the same unit.
Three mistakes to watch for:
- Too many lines. If your NEET physics formula sheet for one unit runs past a page, you have copied a chapter. Cut every derivation and every formula you can rebuild in ten seconds.
- No conditions. A sheet without conditions looks complete and fails exactly where NEET tests you.
- Frozen sheets. A sheet you wrote in Class 11 and never corrected is a record of what you knew then, not now.
Where does this fit if you are also thinking beyond NEET?
Your NEET physics formula sheet covers one section of one exam. For the wider plan, our sister site keeps a clear guide on how to prepare for NEET, a subject-wise walk through the NEET syllabus, and a plain explainer on what the NCERT books are and why NEET leans on them. If your score this cycle falls short of a government MBBS seat, the same site explains how studying MBBS abroad actually works, so you can compare that route with another attempt calmly rather than in a rush.
Want to find out which lines on your NEET physics formula sheet are still costing you marks? That is what timed practice is for. NEETsheet is our NEET UG app for practice questions and full length mocks, built around the NCERT syllabus for Class 11, Class 12 and droppers.
Sources
Every syllabus, pattern and exam-hall rule on this page comes from the following official documents.
- National Medical Commission, Under Graduate Medical Education Board, public notice and syllabus for NEET (UG) 2026, 22 December 2025, circulated by NTA: NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus (PDF).
- National Testing Agency, Information Bulletin NEET (UG) 2026, for the 45 Physics questions, the marking scheme and the list of items not allowed in the examination centre: Information Bulletin NEET (UG) 2026 (PDF), published 23 February 2026.
- National Council of Educational Research and Training, Physics textbooks for Class 11 and Class 12: ncert.nic.in textbooks, checked 30 September 2026.
- Serra, M.J., Kaminske, A.N., Nebel, C. and Coppola, K.M., The Use of Retrieval Practice in the Health Professions: A State-of-the-Art Review, Behavioral Sciences, 2025: PubMed Central.
- National Testing Agency, NEET (UG) official portal, for public notices on the 2027 cycle: neet.nta.nic.in, checked 30 September 2026.
- National Medical Commission, which notifies the NEET (UG) syllabus: nmc.org.in, checked 30 September 2026.
Frequently Asked Questions
There is no official number. What matters is that it covers all 20 Physics units of the NMC syllabus and that each unit fits on about one page. The tables in this guide hold the core relations for every unit; add a line only when a question you got wrong shows it is missing.
No. The NTA Information Bulletin for NEET (UG) 2026 lists printed or written material among the items not allowed inside the examination centre. A NEET physics formula sheet is a revision tool for the weeks before the exam, and everything on it has to be in your head on the day.
Yes. Every relation in this guide is standard Class 11 and Class 12 NCERT Physics, and every heading follows a unit of the NEET (UG) 2026 syllabus finalised by the National Medical Commission. NCERT is the right place to check a formula you are unsure of, because the NEET syllabus is built on it.
Not on the 2026 syllabus. Unit 18 names nuclear size, mass defect, binding energy, fission and fusion but no radioactivity or half-life, and Unit 19 names diodes and logic gates but no transistor. Check the NEET (UG) 2027 syllabus when the National Medical Commission publishes it, and add them back only if they return.
Start with the first Physics chapter you study, not in the final month. Add each unit as you finish it in NCERT and correct it after every set of questions. A sheet built slowly from your own mistakes is short, accurate and worth revising, while one copied in a hurry at the end usually is not.
